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In the context of Christian theology, the Harrowing of Hell (Latin: ''Descensus Christi ad Inferos'', "the descent of Christ into hell") is the Old English and Middle English term for the triumphant descent of Christ into Hell (or Hades) between the time of his Crucifixion and his Resurrection when he brought salvation to all of the righteous who had died since the beginning of the world (excluding the damned).〔Warren, Kate Mary. "Harrowing of Hell." ''The Catholic Encyclopedia''. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910.3 Mar. 2013 Notice that the Latin word is inferos NOT infernos. Inferos meaning below, infernos meaning flames of fire. The Harrowing of Hell is referred to in the Apostles' Creed and the ''Athanasian Creed (Quicumque vult)'' which state that Jesus Christ "descended into Hell". Christ having descended to the underworld is alluded to in the New Testament only in , which speaks of Jesus preaching to "the imprisoned spirits". Its near-absence in Scripture has given rise to controversy and differing interpretations.〔(D. Bruce Lockerbie, ''The Apostle's Creed: Do You Really Believe It'' (Victor Books, Wheaton, IL) 1977:53–54, on-line text ).〕 According to ''The Catholic Encyclopedia'', the story first appears clearly in the Gospel of Nicodemus in the section called the Acts of Pilate, which also appears separately at earlier dates within the Acts of Peter and Paul.〔''New Testament Apocrypha, Vol. 1'' by Wilhelm Schneemelcher and R. Mcl. Wilson (Dec 1, 1990) ISBN 066422721X pages 501-502〕 The descent into hell had been related in Old English poems connected with the names of Cædmon and Cynewulf. It is subsequently repeated in Aelfric's homilies c. 1000 AD, which is the first known inclusion of the word "harrowing". Middle English dramatic literature contains the fullest and most dramatic development of the subject.〔 As an image in Christian art, the harrowing is also known as the ''Anastasis'' (a Greek word for "resurrection"), considered a creation of Byzantine culture and first appearing in the West in the early 8th century.〔Leslie Ross, entry on "Anastasis", ''Medieval Art: A Topical Dictionary'' (Greenwood, 1996), pp. 10–11 (online ).〕 == Terminology == The Greek wording in the ''Apostles' Creed'' is , ("katelthonta eis ta katôtata"), and in Latin ''descendit ad inferos''. The Greek (''ta katôtata'',"the lowest") and the Latin ''inferos'' ("those below") may also be translated as "underworld", "netherworld", or "abode of the dead." The word "harrow" comes from the Old English ''hergian'' meaning to harry or despoil and is seen in the homilies of Aelfric, c. 1000.〔''Harrow'' is a by-form of ''harry'', a military term meaning to "make predatory raids or incursions"OED〕 The term ''Harrowing of Hell'' refers not merely to the idea that Christ descended into Hell, as in the Creed, but to the rich tradition that developed later, asserting that he triumphed over ''inferos'', releasing Hell's captives, particularly Adam and Eve, and the righteous men and women of the Old Testament period. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Harrowing of Hell」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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